Thinly slice the red onion and slice the Persian cucumbers into disks or your preferred shape. Place them in a bowl or large jar.
In a separate bowl or measuring cup, whisk together the white vinegar, water, sugar, and kosher salt until dissolved.
Pour the pickling liquid over the onions and cucumbers, pressing them down gently so they are submerged.
Let rest for at least 15 minutes before serving, or refrigerate for several hours or overnight for deeper flavor.